Caring for a loved one with dementia means tending to them every hour of every day. Throughout the process, you may notice them exhibiting certain feelings and attitudes during the latter part of the 24-hour period. This is called sundowning. In this article we explore what Sundown syndrome is and the signs you should look out for.
The Definition Of Sundown Syndrome
Sundown syndrome refers to a group of behaviors that people with dementia exhibit as the sun begins to set, led primarily by distress and confusion. More than 55 million people face dementia, and 10 million new cases occur each year. While not everyone with this condition experiences sundown syndrome, there are higher chances of these symptoms occurring.
There’s little evidence to support the exact reason behind sundowning. Some theorize it could be the sensory stimulation buildup they finally process at the end of the day, which inevitably overwhelms them. Others believe it could be hormonal imbalances or darkness within the environment.
Examples Of Sundowning
People with sundown syndrome typically experience agitation and memory loss. Some pace around or even wander off out of pure restlessness. Meanwhile, others stay put and act aggressively toward the people around them. As the phenomenon’s name suggests, these problems typically arise later in the afternoon or early in the evening.
Another example of sundowning is shadowing. People with dementia follow their caregivers in silence, ensuring that they are within proximity. This behavior usually stems from sadness, anxiety and fear that they may have been processing. Others may even resort to crying and yelling to release such emotions.
Living With Sundown Syndrome
Sundown syndrome can be overwhelming for the person experiencing it and their caregiver. However, because these behaviors tend to show up at a specific time of day, you can be more prepared to care for your loved one.
Try to assess what seems to trigger their sudden responses during sunset. For some people, the late-day confusion may stem from a negative experience during the earlier part of the day or staying inside for too long. You can record details in a caregiving diary to keep track of their experiences and needs. Once you notice what provokes them, act accordingly.
How To Prevent Or Manage Sundown Syndrome
Sundown syndrome is a tricky group of symptoms that can impact your loved one’s physical and mental health. However, there are ways to boost brain health and help prevent or manage such a phenomenon.
1. Practice A Good Diet
Be particular about the food your loved one consumes. A well-balanced diet is essential. Prioritize food like fatty fish, shellfish and nuts. These contain plenty of omega-3 fatty acids, which have various neuroprotective efforts to help prevent dementia and sundowning. Antioxidants in fresh fruits and vegetables can also strengthen the body and mind.
2. Ensure Proper Hydration
Dehydration can often worsen sundowning, so ensuring your loved one drinks plenty of water is important. Have a large water bottle by your side at all times. If a person is prone to sundowning and wants caffeinated beverages like coffee or tea, make sure to time their intake in the morning. Wash it down with more H2O later.
3. Get Enough Sunshine
Some people theorize that darker environments could trigger sundowning, so get your loved one as much daylight as possible. Schedule outdoor activities throughout the morning for their daily dose of sunshine. About 150 minutes of moderate weekly exercise can boost brain health in the long run. Just avoid packing their schedule to deter overstimulation.
4. Rest After Sundown
Sundowning could also stem from being unable to process their memories and emotions of the day. Clear out their evening schedule to make sure they have enough downtime. You should also be near them at all times as a form of reassurance unless they state otherwise. Encourage them to get sleep to rest from the day.
5. Create A Soothing Environment
People who experience sundown syndrome may feel more agitated in a foreign environment. Prepare a well-lit and familiar space that’s soothing for them. Add pictures of your family and friends or put their favorite books near them. You can also play their favorite music to relax them as the sun sets.
Seeing Sundown Syndrome
Understanding sundown syndrome can help you provide better care to your loved one with dementia. Exercise patience and love during the latter parts of the day when these symptoms start to occur.
